NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Kennedy Space Center. Grade 5 95.0 Grade 6 88,3 0.01 0.01 . Alcohols shall comply with the requirements shown in Table Et 1, when detd as specified in the applicable sub-paragraph of 4.3 3.3 Taste. Windows Me SP1 D.CompTIA A+ PCI devices typically support IRQ sharing with Windows 95 OSR 2.x (Windows 95B), Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista, as well as Windows Server 2003 if the motherboard 21M-LGM30G- -28-2- -1 TECHNICAL MANUAL MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS ORGANIZATIONAL ANCILLARY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (VAFB, WING I, SQUADRON 4) INTEGRATED PROGRAM USAF SERIES LGM30G MISSILE BOEING F04701- -C-74.
University of Central Florida. University of . KENNEDY SPACE CENTER. UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA. Dr. Ramon Hosier, University Program Director. Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering. College of Engineering. University of Central Florida. Mr. Gregg Buckingham, NASA/KSC Program Director. University Programs Office. John F. Kennedy Space Center. NASA Grant No. NAG1 0- 2. Contractor Report No. CR- 2. 08. 54. 6. This document is a collection of technical reports on research conducted by the participants in the. NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the John F. Kennedy Space Center. KSC). This was the fourteenth year that a NASA/ASEE program has been conducted at KSC. The program was operated imder the auspices of the American Society for. Engineering Education (ASEE) and the Education Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington. D. C. The KSC program was one of nine such Aeronautics and Space Research Programs funded. NASA Headquarters in 1. To further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty. To stimulate an exchange of ideas between teaching participants and employees of NASA. To enrich and refi- esh the research and teaching activities of participants institutions; and. To contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. The editors of this document were responsible for selecting appropriately. NASA/KSC. A. separate document reports on the administrative aspects of the 1. The NASA/ASEE. program is intended to be a two- year program to allow in- depth research by the university faculty. In many cases a faculty member has developed a close working relationship with a. NASA group that had provided funding beyond the two- year limit. Digital Television Transmission. Characterization of Salt Marsh Impoundment Sediments Under Three. Types of Water Management. CALLE, Carlos L 2. An Experimental Design to Determine the Electrostatic Properties of. Martian Simulant Dust Particles. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Polyaniline Coated. Aluminum Alloys. 5. CHRISTENSEN, Kenneth J. Capacity Planning for Future NASA- KSC LAN and MAN Networks. Realistic Scale Composting Reactor for a Martian Lunar. Habitat: Generations I and II. HEIDERSBACH, Robert H. Web Pages for the KSC Corrosion Laboratory. HODGES- TILLER, Brenda 8. Effective Initiatives in Best Leadership Practices. HOUSHANGL Nasser 9. Omnibot Mobile Base. KOZEL, David 1. 03. Noise Characterization and Comparison of Adaptive Noise. Suppression Algorithms. Using Neural Networks for Evaluating the Health of the Gaseous. Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (GH2. FCV). The Role of Diversity in Conferring Stability and Resistance to. Invasion to Microbial Communities: The Use of Dilution to Generate. High and Low Diversity Communities. Workforce Assessment and Validation Exercise. Human Factors Applications on CLCS. Characterization of Test and Checkout Distributed. Data Processing Systems. Application of Statistical Process Control Techniques. Shuttle Processing. Development and Analysis of Acceptance Sampling. Plans in Data Validation. Quantitative Infrared Thermography. POZO DE FERNANDEZ, Maria E. Examination of. PCB Clean Up Technologies in Soil. Modeling Methodologies to Assess Spaceport Operations. A Visual Editor in J A VA for Jview. Software Development for Autonomous Control of. ISPP Plant on Mars. NASA/ASEE SUMMER FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER. UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA. DIGITAL TELEVISION TRANSMISSION. Alfred S. Andrawis. Associate Professor. Electrical Engineering Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings, SD, 5. KSC Colleagues. Po T. Huang and Larry Hand Jr. Penalty due to timing and jitter errors is calculated in the first part of this paper . Detailed example for error detection method in digital. Gregg Buckingham, with his enthusiasm and interest in the program, provided the participants with. Kennedy Space Center. The program was well organized due to the. Ray Hostler, Kari Stiles, and Stephanie Bealer. They did a great job at assisting, educating, and. Huang, my KSC colleague. He assisted me with. Digital Television Systems. Larry is always available to answer questions when I needed clarification in any matter of. Bob Swindle, David Johnson, and Robert Stute were all very friendly and extremely helpful. They patiently endured long hours alone while I. EFFECTS OF TIMING ERRORS ON DIGITAL TELEVISION SIGNALS. INTRODUCTION. The Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is moving fast towards replacing existing analog NTSC operational. OTV) with digital NTSC television. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. SMPTE) 2. 70 Mb/s component video signal standard is adopted to transport digital video signals over KSC. On the other hand, an 8- VSB transmission subsystem was approved by the FCC Advisory Committee. Advanced Television Service (ACATS) as a modulation scheme of the compressed digital television system. HDTV) intended for terrestrial television broadcasting in North America. Hence, the timing error must be held to a small. These received symbols, in turn, are sampled at the. This ideal communication system delivers the. C/N) and no inter- symbol- interference . Furthermore, sampling at the receiver's side may not occur exactly at the zero crossings of adjacent. These timing errors may be due to the transmitter's circuitry, the transmission channel, the front stages. All these different sources of timing. Figure la shows a train of unit impulses initially spaced equally in time. Due to jitter. these unit impulses become spaced slightly irregularly in time as shown in Figure lb. Time deviations from. T from a discrete time r. This sequence is the fundamental description of jitter . Another type. of timing error is the static phase offset r. Static phase offset is the static error displacement from the optimum. Hence, a jitter amplitude of T seconds is 3. Jitter amplitude could also be expressed in terms of unit. UI), where I UI = 3. For example, SMPTE component video signal with 2. Mb/s, has T = 3. 7 ns. Penalty due to timing jitter depends on both the shape of the data symbols and the. In this paper raised cosine shaped symbols are assumed. For the. worst case condition, the symbols' polarity is assumed to be alternating (any positive symbol is followed by a. A/7r, where A is the maximum symbol. The alternating sequence tends to give rise to the maximum inter- symbol interference (I SI), which. Section 1. 1 outlines the analysis methodology, Section III presents the. PROCEDURE. This section is to investigate the effects of timing and jitter on signal quality. Definitions, assumptions. If the jitter introduced by the timing recovery circuitry is JM). Sr. The sampled received signal (in. P; (t) can then be written as. Ki. t) = . Static phase offset r is equal to At plus a time delay due to tii'e. By substituting from Equation 2. Pr(t) within the summation we obtain. P'r (0 = . Changing indices to k=m. This is illustrated in Figure 2. If both t and Jaim. T) are equal to zero degrees tiien die. ISI value is zero. If eitiier t or Jaim. T) (or both) is. unequal to zero, then the received symbol is not sampled at its maximum while the ISI magnitude is greater than. Therefore, Equation 7 may be rewritten as. K m = E. Each term. T) . The combined effect, of. C/N. This overall C /N. C/N penalty. In this section, the transmission penalty (extra C/N required to achieve certain BER) is examined as a. Transmission Penalty Due to Static Phase Offset. In this section, the transmission penalty is examined by assuming that the alignment jitter is zero. As a. result of the static phase offset r, the desired sample magnitude in volts is q. If these samples are of a pusodorandom, then samples' average power is. A^/2. Therefore, C/N, for samples with absolute average value of A/tt and alternating polarities, can be written as. This relationship is shown in Figure 3 for various values of t (expressed in degrees) and for eight. Figure 3 shows that when the static phase offset is 6. I UI), the transmission penalty is less than one d. B. Therefore, with no alignment jitter, the effect of static. C/N. For higher quality transmission, the. This may be explained as follows: if the power of the. P watts, the reduction due to static offset is p watts, the IF noise is n watts, and the. C/N can be written as. Therefore, phase offset penalty is more. Transmission Penalty Due to Static Phase Offset and Jitter. In the presence of alignment jitter, the static phase offset is much more serious. This can be shown by. Jaim. T) has a Gaussian distribution, with zero mean and standard deviation equal to ^ the peak- to- . This distribution approximates the distribution of the alignment jitter in typical transmission. The dominant distortion in this case is the magnitude error, which. Furthermore the jitter. IS I. These two sources of noise and distortion add incoherently. CW. Hence, C/N can be expressed as. C . Equation 1. 4 is evaluated. Figure 4 shows the transmission penalty. CWfor peak- to- peak alignment jitter of 6. It is readily seen that the transmission penalty is largest with the largest. This shows that the system is less tolerant to alignment. Jitter when static phase offset is present. Therefore, static phase offset must be avoided in order to minimize the. Also, it is seen that the transmission penalty increases with increasing the C/N. This may be explained as follows: for a given phase offset and peak- to- peak jitter, the jitter noise is constant. C/N. For high C/N, the induced ISI noise becomes the dominant limiting factor For low. OW, the Jitter induced ISI noise is less dominant than the existing noise which minimizes its penalty Similar to. CONCLUSION. SMPTE Component 2. Mb/s digital video requires a minimum C/N of ~ 1. B for reasonable BER. Similarly, terrestrial VSB system can operate in a C/N environment of 1. B (note terrestrial VSB has error. C/N of 2. 8. 3 d. B . This minimum C/N of. The most common computer problems are not the. Sure, hard drives fail, power. But those are true disaster scenarios that users rarely. This issue will help you solve hundreds of those. Keep this magazine. Kobler/. Christopher Trumble / Michael Sweet /. Corey Russman / Rod Scher / Calvin. Clinchard / Katie Sommer / Kimberly Fitzke /. Katie Dolan / Blaine Flamig / Raejean Brooks /. Sally Curran / Nate Hoppe / Trista Kunce /. Sheila Allen / Linne Ourada / Joy Martin /. Brian Weed / Marty Sems / Chad Denton /. Nathan Chandler / Kylee Dickey / Josh Gulick. Andrew Leibman / Vince Cogley / Sam Evans. Jennifer Johnson. Web Staff: Laura Curry / Brandie Humphrey. Customer Service: Becky Rezabek /. Lana Matic / Lindsay Albers. Subscription Renewals: Connie Beatty / Matt. 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Box 8. 53. 80, Lincoln, NE 6. Box 8. 53. 80. Lincoln, NE 6. Fax: (7. 17)3. 99- 8. Editorial Staff. editor@smartcomputing. FAX: (4. 02) 4. 79- 2. W. Grand Drive. Lincoln, NE 6. Advertising Staff. W. Just take a look at. Apple's i. Pod. PCs have long been multimedia machines and have. But, as with all things PC. We'll tackle troublesome. PC users may encounter, from problems with software media. Limiting in- . creases any hiss or static that's al- . It may make. the recording sound noisier, as. Applied judi- . ciously, the limiter smoothes out. Some CD. recording programs, such as Nero 6. Ultra ($7. 9. 9. 9 for downloaded ver- . Volume Logic. ($1. Although. some turntables have built- in ampli- . Instead, you'll need to use. Unlike. the receiver's inputs for CD players. Phono. input provides the necessary boost in. If you've bought a new stereo. Phono input. some manufacturers consider vinyl. You can't simply connect the. In this case you'll. After. that, connect a cable from the stereo's. Line In connection. Can I still make them. In. lieu of that, you could shop for adapter. Many computer. sound cards, particularly if they consist. PCI (Peripheral Computer. Interconnect) card, which has a very. Or you. could run a line directly from your re- . PC's. sound card input. The error is not actually due to a. In Win. XP. you can typically only run one CD. Each time. you insert a blank disc, you can only. CD. Now, scan through the list. CD recording programs. Roxio Easy Media Creator 8. Sonic. Record. Now! CDs. Remove the ones you use. And, by the. way, you don't have to remove WMP. Windows Media Player) even though. CD recording. There are no conflicts. WMP just uses your recording. CD. One possible. SPTI (SCSI Pass- . Through Interface) under Win. XP or. Windows 2. Open Adobe Audition. Options menu, and click. Settings. Click the System tab, and. CD Device Options, select SPTI. To fix this problem, download. Disc. Up. date. exe, which adds support for a. CD and DVD drives. It. includes integrated support for. CD. If you. get the 4. PC isn't able to keep up. CD- R/RW drive. The sim- . Advanced window when. Create CD- Recordable. Mix. Meister's File menu. The instructions. Windows.) Browse to HKEY. Delete the Sound Forge. Reinstall the full version of. Sound Forge again. The error should. Rip the tracks from the CD to. Use Save As to give the track a. When you finish, collect the. CD or upload them to your. You'll find the. quiet parts significantiy less quiet, and. Of course, you'll. Use Windows Explorer. My Computer to browse to the. C: \PROGRAM FILES\CREATIVE fol- . Highlight the Recorder folder and. File, New, and Folder. Give the. new folder the name RECORDINGS. If the. level is too high, the signal will be dis- . If the level is too low. First, check the level by looking. Recording Console. If you're seeing red, you. A little red may be OK, but don't. The meters should stay in. If. the song you're recording has a large. For example, the quiet. Led Zeppelin classic. Digital Monitoring box. Your PC will. play the audio as you record it. One. great tip is to use a pair of headphones. It's often. much easier to hear fine detail, small. If you do. hear a problem, first try to alleviate it. Then use the software. If you have i. Tunes 4. Podcasts from the left. Tunes. In the right pane. Tunes. has downloaded for you. To browse. for additional podcasts, click Podcast. Directory at the bottom of the. The main Podcasts page of. TMS (i. Tunes Music Store) will. Items in the Podcast Direc- . You can. download an individual episode by. Get. Episode button. If you want to receive. Sub- . scribe button next to the podcast's. If you choose to subscribe to. Tunes. checks for podcasts and how many. Tunes Podcasts library. To customize. these options, first click the i. Tunes. Menu and Preferences in Mac OS X. Edit menu and Prefer- . Windows. Here, you can set. Tunes should check for. Every Hour. Every Day, Every Week, or Manually). Download All, Download. The Most Recent One, or Do Noth- . All Episodes, All Unplayed Episodes. Most Recent Episode, Last 2 Episodes. Last 3 Episodes, Last 4 Episodes, Last. Episodes, or Last 1. Episodes). You. can also configure an i. Pod's options. for syncing podcasts by clicking the. Pod Preferences button. When you. are finished, click OK. Apparently I. can add them to songs in my dig- . ID3 informa- . tion provides metadata (data about. Your playlists. and on- screen displays will only be as. ID3 tags associated with. When you rip audio files. For files you've ob- . It. may be time consuming, depending. It's best to store files. PC at a high bit rate (at least. Kbps . That way, you can. When you're ready to. In essence, it. turns i. Tunes into a disc jockey. Choose the. New Smart Playlist feature from the. File menu and select the criteria by. Tunes to make its. You can have the pro- . You can further set. Finally, click the Live. Updating box to have i. Tunes con- . tinually change the Playlist as you. In Windows Media to. View. menu, select Enhancements, and then. Graphic Equalizer. Select the style. You can adjust the. If you want. to access additional sound enhance- . Graphic Equalizer. Click the. Importing tab and then deselect the. Use Error Correction when. CDs. If i. Tunes won't. CD at all, Apple rec- . Tunes soft- . ware, checking Microsoft's Windows. Update site for patches, or visiting. Web site for. information regarding firmware up- . If an update is available, down- . CD again. Your local. How do I con- . figure the i. Pod for my Windows PC? If you acquire an i. Pod that was. previously used with a Mac, you can. Windows by. using the PC's i. Pod Restore function. To reformat. click the Start menu and choose All. Programs, i. Pod, and Updater. More details about the pro- . If it is formatted for Macintosh. About screen. If the disk is formatted. Windows, the phrase . If. you're streaming a file and it starts. Internet con- . nection. To test this visit Real's diag- . If it plays back. First, open the applica- . Tools, and then click. Preferences. Open the Category pane. Connection, and then click the. Test Connection button. Click Per- . form Test and OK once it finishes. Open the Category pane and click. Hardware. Click the Settings button. Sound Card Compatibility and. Disable 1. 6- bit Sound. After. clicking a pair of OK dialog boxes, re- . If the sound. quality hasn't improved, repeat the. Disable. Custom Sampling Rates and Disable. Direct. Sound options, as well. The only solution is to disable. Now Playing. Options under the View menu. Click. Graphic Equalizer and then click the. On button to turn the equalizer off. Click. Quick. Time Preferences and then. Sound Out in the primary. If it isn't already. Wave. Out in the. Playback Device menu. Click the. Options button and change the Buffer. Size In Milliseconds setting to 1. Click Options. and then Preferences. Highlight Out- . put in the left- most frame under Plug- . Direct- Sound. Output in the right- hand frame. Click. the Configure button. The first tab. you'll see is called Device. Verify that. your primary playback device is chosen. Check the. box next to Allow Hardware Accelera- . Now click the Buffering tab. Click the Configure button. Enable Digital Audio. Extraction When Possible is checked. Click the Buffering tab. Buffer- Ahead On Track. Change slider to somewhere between. Switch to the Other. Remove Silence At. The Beginning /End Of Track option. The. standard- issue remedy is to close other. But if that doesn't. Hardware Acceleration slider is turned. To detune it in Win. XP. open the Sounds And Audio Devices. Control Panel. Tab to the. Audio page and click the Advanced. Sound Playback. Click. Performance tab and move the. Hardware Acceleration slider one. None. Click OK and. A few third- party utili- . Pod, in- . cluding Ephpod (www. Anapod Explorer ($2. Real. Player. (www. If you're using a. Fire. Wire connection, one of those. If you're. using a USB 2. Pod. USB Driver For Windows 9. But there's a better way to. Pod. And. with 2. GB of storage, you can pack it. CDs, which you might not want. For i. Pods that are out. Apple's Battery Service. You. should know, however, that Apple does. Pod back. The company will likely. The company focuses on. When it arrives, tech- . Pod back to the. customer. Despite all this overnight. Potential. causes, unfortunately, are numerous. Try updating your mother- . BIOS (Basic Input/Output. System) file to the latest publicly.
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